Glossary

   Attention line: The demarcating line between the Contest Area and the Attention Area

   Boundary line: The unmarked marginal line around the outside of the Contest Area, defining the outer edge of the mat.

   Cha-ryeot: The referee's command to adopt a position of attention.

   Chung: The contestant wearing blue.

   Contest area: A 12-metre square in the centre of the mat where a taekwondo contest is conducted.

   Deuk-jeom: A point.

   Gam-jeom: A penalty that automatically costs a contestant a point.

   Hong: The contestant wearing red.

   Joon-bi: The referee's command to get ready to start the contest.

   Kal-yeo: The referee's command to break, or move away from a downed opponent.

   Keu-man: The referee's command to stop the contest.

   Knockdown: The ruling when a contestant is knocked to the floor, or is deemed unable to continue.

   Knockout: A ruling where the referee stops the contest and declares a contestant the winner if his or her opponent cannot continue.

   Kyeong-rye: The referee's command to bow.

   Kye-shi: The referee's command to suspend the match while a fighter receives first aid.

   Kye-sok: The referee's command to continue.

   Kyong-go: A warning for violating a rule, costing half a point but not deducted unless it combines with a previous warning to make a whole point.

   Referee's mark: A marked point on the mat where the referee begins and ends each round.

   Round: One of a series of periods, separated by rests, making up a match.

   Scoring area: The area of the opponent's face or body where a legitimate strike may be made to score a point.

   Shi-gan: The referee's command to suspend the match for reasons other than medical assistance.

   Shi-jak: The referee's command to start the contest.

   Su-bak: A self-defence art practised in Korea 800 years ago, apparently used as sport to entertain spectators.

   Sudden death: A method of resolving a gold-medal contest in the Olympic Games that has resulted in a tie by playing a fourth round in which the first person to score is the winner.

   Taekwondo: A modern form of martial art meaning "way of hands and feet" and descended from ancient Korean martial arts.

   Yeo-dul: Eight in Korean, ending the mandatory eight-count a downed contestant must take even if he wants to resume sparring.

   Yeol: The number ten in Korean, indicating the end of a full count and, hence, a knockout.